other,40-2-J86-4002,ak Because a <term> speaker </term> and <term> listener </term> can not be assured to have the same beliefs , contexts , perceptions , backgrounds , or goals , at each point in a conversation , difficulties and mistakes arise when a <term> listener </term> interprets a <term> speaker 's utterance </term> .
other,22-3-J86-4002,ak These mistakes can lead to various kinds of misunderstandings between <term> speaker </term> and <term> listener </term> , including <term> reference failures </term> or failure to understand the <term> speaker 's intention </term> .
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