Concordance

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understanding and generation modules </term> mediated	by	a <term> language neutral meaning representation	#428 The CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system consists of two core modules, language understanding and generation modules mediated by a language neutral meaning representation called a semantic frame.
users </term> has been extensively studied	by	the <term> natural language generation community	#979 The issue of system response to users has been extensively studied by the natural language generation community, though rarely in the context of dialog systems.
generation systems </term> can be overcome	by	employing <term> machine learning techniques	#1021 We show how research in generation can be adapted to dialog systems, and how the high cost of hand-crafting knowledge-based generation systems can be overcome by employing machine learning techniques.
<term> word string </term> has been obtained	by	using a different <term> LM </term> . Actually	#1109 The oracle knows the reference word string and selects the word string with the best performance (typically, word or semantic error rate) from a list of word strings, where each word string has been obtained by using a different LM.
the basis of <term> feedback </term> provided	by	<term> human judges </term> . We reconceptualize	#1361 In this paper, we present SPoT, a sentence planner, and a new methodology for automatically training SPoT on the basis of feedback provided by human judges.
for a <term> language L </term> are directed	by	a <term> guide </term> which uses the <term>	#1714 The non-deterministic parsing choices of the main parser for a language L are directed by a guide which uses the shared derivation forest output by a prior RCL parser for a suitable superset of L.
<term> shared derivation forest </term> output	by	a prior <term> RCL parser </term> for a suitable	#1724 The non-deterministic parsing choices of the main parser for a language L are directed by a guide which uses the shared derivation forest output by a prior RCL parser for a suitable superset of L.
engine </term> can be improved dramatically	by	incorporating an approximation of the <term>	#1884 I show that the performance of a search engine can be improved dramatically by incorporating an approximation of the formal analysis that is compatible with the search engine's operational semantics.
for a <term> spoken dialogue system </term>	by	eliciting <term> subjective human judgments	#2065 In this paper We experimentally evaluate a trainable sentence planner for a spoken dialogue systemby eliciting subjective human judgments.
language system domains </term> . Motivated	by	the success of <term> ensemble methods </term>	#2307 Motivated by the success of ensemble methods in machine learning and other areas of natural language processing, we developed a multi-strategy and multi-source approach to question answering which is based on combining the results from different answering agents searching for answers in multiple corpora.
performance gains from the <term> data </term>	by	using <term> class-dependent interpolation	#3072 In this paper, we show how training data can be supplemented with text from the web filtered to match the style and/or topic of the target recognition task, but also that it is possible to get bigger performance gains from the databy using class-dependent interpolation of N-grams.
</term> for learning <term> morphology </term>	by	identifying <term> hubs </term> in an <term>	#3162 We describe a simple unsupervised technique for learning morphologyby identifying hubs in an automaton.
a <term> corpus </term> automatically tagged	by	the first <term> learner </term> . The resulting	#3371 Then, a Hidden Markov Model is trained on a corpus automatically tagged by the first learner.
translingual reach into other <term> languages </term>	by	leveraging <term> human language technology	#3629 It gives users the ability to spend their time finding more data relevant to their task, and gives them translingual reach into other languagesby leveraging human language technology.
</term> of <term> data objects </term> created	by	the <term> system </term> during each <term>	#3702 The operation of the system will be explained in depth through browsing the repository of data objects created by the system during each question answering session.
</term> on both <term> systems </term> . Motivated	by	these arguments , we introduce a number	#4093 Motivated by these arguments, we introduce a number of new performance enhancing techniques including part of speech tagging, new similarity measures and expanded stop lists.
<term> models </term> are automatically derived	by	<term> decision tree learning </term> using	#4358 Moreover, the models are automatically derived by decision tree learning using real dialogue data collected by the system.
real <term> dialogue data </term> collected	by	the <term> system </term> . We obtained reasonable	#4367 Moreover, the models are automatically derived by decision tree learning using real dialogue data collected by the system.
further improve the <term> stemmer </term>	by	allowing it to adapt to a desired <term>	#4498 Monolingual, unannotated text can be used to further improve the stemmerby allowing it to adapt to a desired domain or genre.
approximate <term> Arabic 's rich morphology </term>	by	a <term> model </term> that a <term> word </term>	#4606 We approximate Arabic's rich morphologyby a model that a word consists of a sequence of morphemes in the pattern prefix-stem-suffix (* denotes zero or more occurrences of a morpheme).


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